Middle+Ages+Artifacts


 * Black Death || Aachen Cathedral || Isabella ||
 * [[image:cassandradmuseum/6614_661473wt.jpg width="274" height="204" align="center"]] || [[image:cassandradmuseum/aachen_cathedral.jpg width="179" height="250" align="center"]] || [[image:cassandradmuseum/isabella.jpg width="203" height="277" align="center"]] ||
 * Black Death was an epidemic that spread beyond Spain, Italy, and France. The Bubonic Plague was spread by fleas that infected the rats they lived upon. During this time many died, and the church was unable to provide support. Pope Clement V fled to Avignon. The survivors of the Bubonic Plague are demanding higher wages for their work. To resist this act, landowners converted farmland to sheep raising because it required less labor. Christians thought Jews were responsible for the plague. Other Christians thought they were being punished for their sins, while other switched to witchcraft and abandoned the church. The cause of Black Death was not discovered until the 19th century. || Education was important to Charlemagne, so he set up a court and learning cathedral in Aachen. Charlemagne claimed to be interested in education, however he had others write for him, and he said he was so used to using a sword, that he could not convert his hand to writing with a pen. Manuscripts were copied by hand word for word, and although this sounds agonizing it gave us a lot of the information about the Middle Ages. The reason education is expressed as such a big deal is because, in Frankish culture, education was not stressed. Few who obtained education and claimed degrees in education, could read or write. || In 1469 Isabella of Castile married Ferdinand of Argon. The couple used their combine forces to destroy the Muslim stronghold of Granada. They tried to impose religious unity, but under Muslim rule there was religious toleration. With religious toleration there was peace between the Christians, Jews, and Muslims. Isabella and Ferdinand both joined townspeople against powerful nobles. A church was set up to put people on trial for committing heresy. Isabella started a crusade against Muslims and Jews. Muslim and Jews were burned at the stake if they resisted converting Christianity. Eventually Isabella achieved the religious unity she wanted, but over 160,000 people fled Spain. Some people who fled were well educated, and had helped Spain's economy and culture. ||

[|Christianity]