Works+Consulted

Works Consulted code Aachen Cathedral. N.d. //ABC-CLIO//. Web. 25 Feb. 2010. . code code Education was important to Charlemagne, so he set up a court and learning cathedral in Aachen. code code Charlemagne claimed to be interested in education, however he had others write for him, and he code code said he was so used to using a sword, that he could not convert his hand to writing with a pen. code code Manuscripts were copied by hand word for word, and although this sounds agonizing it gave us a code code lot of the information about the Middle Ages. The reason education is expressed as such a big code code deal is because, in Frankish culture, education was not stressed. Few who obtained education code code and claimed degrees in education, could read or write. code code Black Death Online Image. N.d. //The Black Death//. Web. 18 Feb. 2010. code code . Black Death code code was an epidemic that spread beyond Spain, Italy, and France. The Bubonic Plague was spread by code code fleas that infected the rats they lived upon. During this time many died, and the church was code code unable to provide support. Pope Clement V fled to Avignon. The survivors of the Bubonic Plague code code are demanding higher wages for their work. To resist this act, landowners converted farmland to code code sheep raising because it required less labor. Christians thought Jews were responsible for the code code plague. Other Christians thought they were being punished for their sins, while other switched code code to witchcraft and abandoned the church. The cause of Black Death was not discovered until the code code 19th century. code code Copy of the Magna Carta. N.d. //abc-clio//. Web. 3 Mar. 2010. . code code The Magna Carta arose because of a conflict between King John of England and Pope Innocent III, code code as well as rebellious aristocrats. Many were bothered by the amount of increase in taxation. code code These taxes included income and special laws for the forests. The conflict between King John code code and Pope Innocent III was over who had the right to appoint archbishops. This conflict had code code church services in England being temporarily suspended. In 1215 the aristocrats, or barons, code code forced King John to abide by new concepts to help protect rights of different authorities. Some code code of the most important clauses were the ones in which stated that the king must have permission code code of a council before raising taxes. Another clause states that 25 barons can take action if a code code Monarch doesn't follow any clauses of the Great Charter. This gave England a huge shift in code code power, taking much power away from cruel greedy kings, such as King John. The biggest affect of code code the Magna Carta was giving the Pope soul right to appoint archbishops, and this generally code code limited the king's power in government. However it also gave the king the right to give fiefs code code to the bishops. code code Isabella. N.d. //abc-clio//. Web. 3 Mar. 2010. . code code In 1469 Isabella of Castile married Ferdinand of Argon. The couple used their combine forces to code code destroy the Muslim stronghold of Granada. They tried to impose religious unity, but under code code Muslim rule there was religious toleration. With religious toleration there was peace between code code the Christians, Jews, and Muslims. Isabella and Ferdinand both joined townspeople against code code powerful nobles. A church was set up to put people on trial for committing heresy. Isabella code code started a crusade against Muslims and Jews. Muslim and Jews were burned at the stake if they code code resisted converting Christianity. Eventually Isabella achieved the religious unity she wanted, code code but over 160,000 people fled Spain. Some people who fled were well educated, and had helped code code Spain's economy and culture. code